Federal health officials are alerting health care providers of a concerning surge in invasive meningococcal disease in the United States. Caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis, this rare but potentially fatal illness has become alarmingly predominant in recent years. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has reported a significant uptick in cases, particularly attributed to a specific strain of bacteria.
Last year, the United States witnessed 422 reported cases of invasive meningococcal disease, marking the highest annual number since 2014. In a recent CDC alert, it was emphasized that this year’s figures are equally alarming, with 143 cases already reported as of March 25, 2024. This represents a significant increase from the same period in the previous year, indicating a worrisome upward trend.
A specific strain of Neisseria meningitidis, identified as sequence type (ST) 1466, has been identified as responsible for the majority of serogroup Y cases reported across the United States in 2023. Surprisingly, these cases are predominantly affecting individuals aged 30-60 years, with a disproportionate impact on Black or African American people and those with HIV. Moreover, it is alarming that most cases of invasive meningococcal disease caused by ST-1466 in 2023 presented with clinical manifestations other than meningitis, such as bacteremia and septic arthritis. This suggests a need for heightened suspicion for meningococcal disease, particularly among populations disproportionately affected by the current increase. Furthermore, the case-fatality rate associated with this strain is reported to be higher than historical rates.
Given the severity of the situation, the CDC emphasizes the critical importance for health care providers to be vigilant and ensure that all individuals recommended for meningococcal vaccination are up to date. This includes vigilance for atypical presentations of the illness, particularly among those at higher risk due to age, ethnicity, or specific health conditions such as HIV.
The increase in invasive meningococcal disease is a cause for concern, and prompt action is necessary to prevent further spread of this potentially deadly illness. With awareness, vaccination, and early detection, the efforts of health care providers are crucial in mitigating the impact of this surge and safeguarding the well-being of the population.
