Canada’s immigration system is experiencing a pressing challenge in the form of a growing rate of onward migration. Onward migration refers to the phenomenon where immigrants who initially arrived in Canada choose to migrate to a third country instead. Recent statistics indicate a substantial increase in this trend, raising concerns within the government and immigration authorities.
According to a study released by the Institute for Canadian Citizenship (ICC) and the Conference Board of Canada, the onward migration rate has been steadily climbing. The study examined data from immigrants who arrived in Canada between 1982 and 2018. In 2016, the onward migration rate stood at 0.8%, but it escalated to 1.15% in 2017. This alarming trend continued in 2019, reaching an even higher rate of 1.18%. These rates far exceed the historical average of 0.9% for onward migration among individuals granted permanent residence in Canada after 1982.
While the percentage increase may seem relatively small, the cumulative effect over time is significant. The report highlights that over a period of 25 years, such a migration pattern could lead to an attrition of 20% or more of the initial immigrant cohort. This presents a challenge not only for maintaining a stable population but also for the Canadian economy and labor market.
The increasing rate of onward migration has prompted action from the Canadian government. Immigration Minister Marc Miller announced that Canada will be incorporating planning for housing, healthcare, and other essential services into its immigration strategy. This strategic shift comes on the heels of Canada’s most significant population increase in nearly seven decades. Statistics Canada reported a population growth of 2.9% in the 12 months leading up to July 1, 2023, pushing the country’s population beyond the 40 million mark.
Minister Miller emphasized the need to better align immigration programs, systems, and services with Canada’s labor market. With the increasing trend of onward migration, this alignment is essential to ensure that immigrants contribute to the growth and development of the Canadian economy, rather than choosing to move elsewhere.
Several factors contribute to the growing challenge of onward migration in Canada. Economic opportunities and social factors in other countries, coupled with easier access to global travel and information, have made it more attractive for immigrants to consider other destinations. The study’s findings underscore the importance of addressing these factors to retain a skilled and diverse workforce in Canada.
Additionally, social and cultural factors play a role in this phenomenon. Immigrants may find it challenging to fully integrate into Canadian society, leading to a higher likelihood of them exploring other options. This highlights the importance of fostering inclusive communities and offering support to newcomers to help them establish roots and connections within the country.
In light of these challenges, the Canadian government is taking a multi-faceted approach to address the issue of onward migration. This includes evaluating the points-based immigration system to ensure that it aligns with the evolving needs of the labor market and the demands of the Canadian economy.
Furthermore, measures to enhance settlement services and support for immigrants are being considered to facilitate their integration into Canadian society. Access to affordable housing, quality healthcare, and education are critical components of these services.
The alarming statistics related to onward migration in Canada serve as a wake-up call for policymakers, immigration authorities, and Canadians as a whole. It is imperative to create an environment where immigrants not only arrive but also choose to stay and contribute to the country’s growth.
In conclusion, Canada’s immigration system is facing a growing challenge in the form of an increasing rate of onward migration. While the percentage increase may seem small, the long-term implications are significant, affecting the country’s population, economy, and labor market. The government’s response to this issue, as articulated by Immigration Minister Marc Miller, underscores the importance of aligning immigration strategies with the needs of the labor market and enhancing support for newcomers. By addressing these challenges, Canada can continue to attract and retain a diverse and skilled immigrant population that contributes to its growth and prosperity.
